中国近海新生代盆地构造差异性演化及油气勘探方向   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱伟林  吴景富  张功成  任建业  赵志刚  吴克强  钟锴  刘世翔 《地学前缘》2015,22(1):88-101

中国近海处于欧亚、印度-澳大利亚及太平洋三大板块的交汇地带,其盆地形成与演化受控于洋、陆板块的相互作用,区域构造背景对盆地形成和演化起到了重要的作用,并由此导致了中国近海盆地显著的分段性和差异性演化特征。渤海海域、北黄海至南黄海盆地属于陆内裂陷型盆地;东海海域为活动大陆边缘弧后裂陷型盆地;珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地为被动大陆边缘型盆地;莺歌海海域为转换大陆边缘型盆地。受此影响,油气分布有明显的分段分区性,渤海—南黄海陆内盆地以成油为主,东海弧后盆地以成气为主,南海北部大陆边缘北部成油、南部成气,莺歌海转换盆地以成气为主。中国近海未来的找油领域主要在渤海、珠江口盆地北部和北部湾盆地;找气领域主要在东海盆地、南海北部深水区和莺歌海盆地6大领域。  相似文献   

水污染物总量综合权重系数分配方法研究     

孙娟  吴悦颖  叶维丽  文宇立  杨文杰  李舟 《水文》2011,(4):40-44

区域污染物排放总量分配是水污染总量控制的重要内容,分配合理与否将直接影响总量控制工作成效。以陆域排污-水体水质响应空间单元为基础,构建了综合考虑水环境质量、排污及污染治理水平、区域经济实力等因素的总量分配指标体系,提出一套单元的水污染物总量分配综合权重系数计算方法。并将该方法应用于北京市,结果表明本方法较好地解决了目前分配方法中总量目标与水质改善需求衔接不足、分配指标体系过于单一的问题。  相似文献   

基于同位素与水化学分析法的地下水补径排研究——以苏锡常地区浅层地下水为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陶芸  陈锁忠  都娥娥 《水文》2011,31(3):76-81

在分析研究区浅层地下水空间分布特征的基础上,采用同位素与化学分析相结合的方法研究苏锡常浅层地下水的补径排条件。利用氢氧同位素的分析结果,建立潜水与微承压水的δD-δ18O关系曲线,分析潜水含水层与河流、湖泊等地表水体关系以及微承水的蒸发程度;利用放射性同位素氚与14C研究微承水与现代水的补给关系;利用常规的水化学分析方法研究浅层地下水补给源的变化问题。结合研究区地下水水位、地层岩性、地形、地貌等多方面因素综合分析了浅层地下水的补径排条件,从而指导苏锡常地区浅层地下水合理开发利用。  相似文献   

青藏高原兹格塘错流域50年来湖泊水量对气候变化响应的模拟研究     

沈华东  才革 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(3):282-287

运用数值模拟建立青藏高原兹格塘错流域土壤、植被、气候等的空间和属性数据库;接着,借助分布式流域尺度水文模型（SWAT模型）,对兹格塘错1956—2006年间的流量进行模拟实验;最后,反演50年来兹格塘错流域水文过程,测试流域温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子对湖泊水量变化的效应,探讨50年来湖泊水量对气候变化的响应。模拟实验的边界条件设置为自然地形、土壤、植被覆盖,其中土壤资料包括有机质含量、粒径等理化参数。模拟结果表明：兹格塘错的年平均流量为6.3m3/s,流量高峰集中在8月至10月,并且由于融雪补给的关系,3月出现另一个流量高峰;模拟结果与遥感解译所得到的结果吻合较好。敏感实验表明：兹格塘错流域内温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子实验具有高原特征,即高原湖泊的水文过程和湖泊流量变化有着较为敏感的响应关系;兹格塘错流量受降水的影响最大,随着降水的增加,流量有所增加;在温度升高的情况下,流域蒸发量增加速度大,兹格塘错流量增加的效应不明显,而在冷湿模式下,流域蒸发量降低,兹格塘错流量增加显著。  相似文献   

A natural tracer investigation of the hydrological regime of Spring Creek Springs, the largest submarine spring system in Florida     

Natasha T. Dimova  William C. BurnettKevin Speer 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):731-738

This work presents results from a nearly two-year monitoring of the hydrologic dynamics of the largest submarine spring system in Florida, Spring Creek Springs. During the summer of 2007 this spring system was observed to have significantly reduced flow due to persistent drought conditions. Our examination of the springs revealed that the salinity of the springs' waters had increased significantly, from 4 in 2004 to 33 in July 2007 with anomalous high radon (²²²Rn, t_1/2=3.8 days) in surface water concentrations indicating substantial saltwater intrusion into the local aquifer. During our investigation from August 2007 to May 2009 we deployed on an almost monthly basis a continuous radon-in-water measurement system and monitored the salinity fluctuations in the discharge area. To evaluate the springs' freshwater flux we developed three different models: two of them are based on water velocity measurements and either salinity or ²²²Rn in the associated surface waters as groundwater tracers. The third approach used only salinity changes within the spring area. The three models showed good agreement and the results confirmed that the hydrologic regime of the system is strongly correlated to local precipitation and water table fluctuations with higher discharges after major rain events and very low, even reverse flow during prolong droughts. High flow spring conditions were observed twice during our study, in the early spring and mid-late summer of 2008. However the freshwater spring flux during our observation period never reached that reported from a 1970s value of 4.9×10⁶ m³/day. The maximum spring flow was estimated at about 3.0×10⁶ m³/day after heavy precipitation in February-March 2008. As a result of this storm (total of 173 mm) the salinity in the spring area dropped from about 27 to 2 in only two days. The radon-in-water concentrations dramatically increased in parallel, from about 330 Bq/m³ to about 6600 Bq/m³. Such a rapid response suggests a direct connection between the deep and the surficial aquifers.  相似文献   

Efficient conceptual model for simulating the effect of aquifer heterogeneity on natural groundwater discharge to rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David Pulido-Velazquez  Carlos Llopis-Albert  Salvador Peña-Haro  Manuel Pulido-Velazquez 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(11):1377-1389

When linearity can be assumed (linear response of heads to stresses), stream–aquifer flow exchange can be simulated as the drainage of a number of independent linear reservoirs. This conceptual model, which can be mathematically deduced in a univocal way from an eigenvalue solution of the linear groundwater flow problem, facilitates the understanding of the physical phenomenon and the analysis of influencing factors. The number of reservoirs required to simulate stream depletion in some ideal homogeneous cases of stream–aquifer connection was analyzed in detail in a previous investigation using analytical eigenvalue solutions [16]. However, most aquifers are heterogeneous in nature and numerical solutions must be employed to analyze whether they could also be simulated using few reservoirs. This paper presents a stochastic analysis of the influence of heterogeneity on the simulation of natural groundwater discharges in aquifers connected to rivers, as a series of linear reservoirs. A Monte-Carlo approach was employed to perform this study. The results show that, on a monthly time scale, many cases (even heterogeneous aquifers) can be simulated using just a few reservoirs with sufficient accuracy and at minimum computational cost. Therefore, this modeling technique can be useful to efficiently simulate the integrated management of complex water resources systems at the basin scale (with many aquifers, reservoirs, demands, etc.) that need to simultaneously consider surface and groundwater flow and stream–aquifer interaction.  相似文献   

Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis     

Martina Baborowski  Olaf Büttner  Jürgen W. Einax 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(5):437-443

An assessment of water quality measurements during a long‐lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re‐suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re‐solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.  相似文献   

Geometry Relations with Bed Load Formulae for Alluvial Boundaries     

Levent Yilmaz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(2):121-127

Employing bed load formulae hydraulic geometry relations were derived for stream width, sediment transport velocity, and bed slope. The relations were examined in terms of friction factor, bed load discharge, bed load diameter, and water discharge. Two fundamental approaches to the prediction of hydraulic geometry have been developed. The first and most widely adopted approach is based on empirical equations whereas the second is based on solution of the governing equations of flow. The applied bed load formulae belong to different authors. Here, the comparison with the other derived relations is presented.  相似文献   

GPS-RTK技术在打桩船中的应用研究     

蔺胜永  王美峰  倪培德  李翔 《现代测绘》2011,34(6)

详细介绍了RTK技术在打桩船中的应用,分析其可以达到的精度,通过大量的实验和测量数据统计,论证RTK使用过程中的注意事项,得出减小其定位误差的较好方法。  相似文献   

梅雨准双周振荡的年际变化及其前期强信号分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

尹志聪  王亚非  袁东敏 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(3):297-304

利用1954—2005年中国740站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了江淮梅雨准双周振荡的年际变化,并讨论了异常年的海气背景特征。将滤波后的每个降水周期划分为8个位相,其中第3位相对应准双周降水正距平最大,而第7位相对应准双周降水负距平最大,在此基础上的诊断结果表明：1）振荡强弱偏差场,在梅雨降水偏多的第3位相,低层大气中类似Rossby波列从南海经日本海、鄂霍次克海和阿留申群岛延伸至阿拉斯加地区,其中南海上空的反气旋和日本上空的气旋相互配合,造成冷暖空气在江淮地区交汇,有利于准双周降水正距平的产生。在降水偏少的第7位相,波列位相基本反向,传播路径偏南。2）第3位相时高层环流显示,鄂霍次克海地区高度场正异常明显,和我国东北地区的负距平共同作用为梅雨降水提供了足够的干冷空气。第7位相分布相反。3）前期3月至同期的黑潮及其延伸区海表温度和梅雨的准双周振荡强强度之间呈很好的正相关关系。黑潮及其延伸区持续的正海温异常,通过影响西太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度的变化,进而增强梅雨降水的准双周振荡  相似文献